Native Americans And Western History - 1299 Words

Native Americans are the original inhabitants of the West, and have played an important role in Western history and continue to do so in today’s society. Their role has changed many times over, both good and not so good, and most of the time it was not in their favor. The Indians were descendants of ancient hunters that migrated from Asia to America thousands of years ago, and the differences between the Natives and Europeans are monumental. From the Natives lack of individual ownership of land to their religious belief that human beings shared a kinship with all other living things, one can see that the clash between these two cultures was inevitable. But, nonetheless, Native Americans had an enormous impact on the history of America. When Christopher Columbus first discovered America, the first Indians he met were the Tainos. They had no clothes and no weapons, and he believed that they were meant to be ruled and could be set to work and in the end adopt Europeans customs. When the conquistadors arrived, they conquered village after village, bringing with them violence and pestilence. The Indian population was nearly wiped out due to disease. But in the midst of these terrors, many European men had sexual relations with Indian women, and began a new population of mixed ancestry called Mestizos. Though Europeans deemed Native Americans inferior, they helped start a new culture and even played a vital role in trade in the Americas. After Europeans depleted their own wildShow MoreRelatedWestward Expansion and Indian Removal1480 Words   |  6 Pagespreventing American expansion and growth? Although the aboriginal people of America had claimed their land before the settlement of white colonists, the Native Americans proved an impediment towards the ultimate growth in America’s economic and commercial power. However harsh the treatment of Native Americans in the past was, the relocation and removal of the Natives was a necessary action, allowing the United States with the global status it possesses today. The relocation movements of Native AmericansRead MoreLone Star: An Independent Film by John Sayless1012 Words   |  4 Pagesis a contemporary film that was created in 1996. This film is a Western based film that. But it is set in the present day was created on the U.S./Mexico border. It describes a sheriff that is trying to get revenge of his father’s Buddy Dee death. In doing so he sorts out to solve a crime. The crime has to do with him and his father, Buddy Dee. The film also details the sheriffs love life and his relations to his high school history teacher. The teachers mother a restaurant owner was one of manyRead MoreThe Ethnic Cleansing Of The United States1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe ethnic cleansing of the United States has been a topic of discussion in Germany for more than a century. Authors like Karl May and James Fenimore Cooper popularized western fiction. Adolf Hitler discovered May at the time he entered realshule and Cooper at the time he entered volksschule. After the Munich putsch of 1923, Karl Haushofer taught Hitler of lebensraum, the idea of Manifest Destiny in the United States transposed to a German-defining East in Poland and Russia. Inspired by the storiesRead MoreThe And Mission Of Purposed Bachelor Of Arts Program1397 Words   |  6 Pagesexpansion of educational opportunities, the Native American Studies program and Native American Studen t and Community Center became an extensive part of the indigenous community in and around Portland, offering those native and non-native students and community members the ability to gain knowledge through classes, lectures and activities. The present minor is an interdisciplinary program, which draws coursework from anthropology, art, English, history, linguistics, political science, as well asRead MoreParallels Between the United States of America and Canada779 Words   |  4 Pagesand they both had to deal with Native Americans. But one important difference is how they treated their native population during Western expansion. The Americans treated the Natives Americans like they were below them. The made treaties with the natives only to ultimately break them, the engaged in open war with the natives, and generally didn’t respect them. While, in direct contrast, the Canadians honored treaties, generally did not engage in war with the natives, and respected them as indivi dualsRead MoreGlobalization and Modernization on Traditional or Underdeveloped Nations1211 Words   |  5 PagesHead Western Governors University The Effects of Globalization and Modernization on Traditional or Underdeveloped Nations Introduction Globalization and modernization are subjects of necessary evaluation when looking at the evolution of traditional or undeveloped nations. This essay will first identify the effect of these phenomenons on the people of Qatar and Native Alaskans. Second, it will discuss the phenomenon in relationship to the Native AlaskanRead MoreManifest Destiny And Westward Expansion Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesOUTLINE: I. Topic sentence. Manifest destiny and westward expansion was a tremendous key component to the growth of the nation economically because of the impact it had on native americans, women empowerment, and expanding the population of the country. II. Significance of topic. Americans looked towards the western lands as an opportunity for large amounts of free land, for growth of industry, and pursue the manifest destiny. III. List of evidence related to topic. The railwaysRead MoreAvatar, By James Cameron1710 Words   |  7 PagesPandora. The year is 2154, but the story is an old and familiar one - the Western colonization of non-Western peoples and the exploitation of their natural resources, such as land, oil, gold, or labor. While it is impossible to deny the impact and visual experience of the film and its commercial achievements (unprecedented global box office success), the story and narrative portray a very conservative way to understand history and the role the West has played in it. The premise of AVATAR is simpleRead MoreThe Expansion Of The Frontier And The Relationship Among The Native Americans908 Words   |  4 Pagesamong the Native Americans. The film starts with a wide view of an open valley to show the vast plain and the open frontier, introducing and getting an idea of the setting. The movie was interesting in the sense that it had more social commentary than most films. An article was written by Thomas Myers explaining the film and the unique social commentary of the film Stagecoach by stating, â€Å"it depicted a sub-community of individuals each representing a distinct social status in western history,† and thatRead MoreCultural Syncretism1599 Words   |  7 Pagesculture. This process was especially pronounced in the Americas with the introduction of colonial culture with the colonization of both North and South America. Although the African and Latin America cultures blended, both India and China resisted the Western culture. Africa and Cultural Syncretism As the Europeans expanded to and explored new regions, they introduced religion, technology, customs, weapons and medicine. These alone could have a great impact on existing cultures, although after military

Is Neoclassical Architecture Really New

Neoclassical architecture describes buildings that are inspired by the classic architecture of ancient Greece and Rome. In the United States, it describes the important public buildings built after the American Revolution, well into the 1800s. The U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. is a good example of neoclassicism, a design chosen by the Founding Fathers in 1793. The prefix neo- means new and classical refers to ancient Greece and Rome.  If you look closely at anything called neoclassical, youll see art, music, theater, literature, governments, and  visual arts that are derived from ancient Western European civilizations. Classical architecture was built from roughly 850 B.C. to A.D. 476, but the popularity of neoclassicism rose from 1730 to 1925. The Western world has always returned to the first great civilizations of mankind. The Roman arch was a repeated characteristic of the medieval Romanesque period from approximately 800 to 1200. What we call the Renaissance from about 1400 to 1600 was a rebirth of classicism. Neoclassicism is the influence of Renaissance architecture from the 15th and 16th century Europe. Neoclassicism was a European movement that dominated the 1700s. Expressing the logic, order, and rationalism of the Age of Enlightenment, people again returned to neoclassical ideas.  For the United States after the American Revolution in 1783, these concepts profoundly shaped the new government not only in the writing of the U.S. Constitution, but also in the architecture built to express the ideals of the new nation. Even today in much of the public architecture in Washington, D.C., the nations capital, you may see echoes of the Parthenon in Athens or the Pantheon in Rome. The word.neoclassic (without a hyphen is the preferred spelling) has come to be a general term encompassing a variety influences, including  Classical Revival, Greek Revival, Palladian, and Federal. Some people dont even use the word neoclassical because they think it is useless in its generality. The word classic itself has changed in meaning over the centuries. At the time of the Mayflower Compact in 1620, the classics would have been the books written by Greek and Roman scholars — today we have classic rock, classic movies, and classic novels that have nothing to do with ancient classical times. The commonality is that anything called classic is considered superior or first class. In this sense, every generation has a new classic, or neoclassic. Neoclassical Characteristics During the 18th century, the written works of the Renaissance architects Giacomo da Vignola and Andrea Palladio were widely translated and read. These writings inspired appreciation for the Classical Orders of architecture and the beautifully proportioned architecture of ancient Greece and Rome. Neoclassical buildings have many (although not necessarily all) of four features: (1) symmetrical floor plan shape and fenestration (i.e., placement of windows); (2) tall columns, generally Doric but sometimes Ionic, that rise the full height of the building. In residential architecture, a double portico; (3) triangular pediments; and (4) a centered domed roof. The Beginnings of Neoclassical Architecture One important 18th century thinker, the French Jesuit priest Marc-Antoine Laugier, theorized that all architecture derives from three basic elements: the column, the entablature, and the pediment. In 1753, Laugier published a book-length essay that outlined his theory that all architecture grows from this shape, which he called the Primitive Hut. The general idea was that society was best when it was more primitive, that a purity is native in simplicity and symmetry. The romanticization of simple forms and the Classical Orders spread to the American colonies. Symmetrical neoclassical buildings modeled after classical Greek and Roman temples were thought to symbolize principles of justice and democracy. One of the most influential Founding Fathers, Thomas Jefferson, drew upon the ideas of Andrea Palladio when he drew architectural plans for the new nation, the United states. Jeffersons neoclassical design for the Virginia State Capitol in 1788 started the ball rolling for the building of the nations capital in Washington, D.C. The State House in Richmond has been called one of the Ten Buildings That Changed America. Famous Neoclassical Buildings After the Treaty of Paris in 1783 when the colonies were forming a more perfect Union and developing a constitution, the Founding Fathers turned to the ideals of ancient civilizations. Greek architecture and Roman government were nondenominational temples to democratic ideals. Jeffersons Monticello, the U.S. Capitol, the White House, and the U.S. Supreme Court building are all variations of the neoclassical — some being more influenced by Palladian ideals and some more like Greek Revival temples. Architectural historian Leland M. Roth writes that all of the architecture of the period from 1785 to 1890 (and even much of it up to 1930) adapted historic styles to create associations in the mind of the user or observer which would strengthen and enhance the functional purpose of the building. About Neoclassical Houses The word neoclassical is often used to describe an architectural style, but neoclassicism is not actually any one distinct style. Neoclassicism is a trend, or approach to design, that can incorporate a variety of styles. As architects and designers became known for their work, their names became associated with a particular type of building — Palladian for Andrea Palladio, Jeffersonian for Thomas Jefferson, Adamesque for Robert Adams. Basically, its all neoclassical — Classical Revival, Roman Revival, and Greek Revival. Although you may associate neoclassicism with grand public buildings, the neoclassical approach has also shaped the way we build private homes. A gallery of neoclassical private homes proves the point. Some residential architects break the neoclassic architectural style into distinct time periods — no doubt to assist the realtors who market these American home styles. Transforming a built house into a neoclassical style can go very badly, but this is not always the case. Scottish architect Robert Adam (1728-1792) redesigned Kenwood House in Hampstead, England from what was called a double-pile manor house into a neoclassical style. He remodeled Kenwoods north entrance in 1764, as outlined in on the English Heritage website. Fast Facts Time periods of when architectural styles flourished are often inexact, if not arbitrary. In the book American House Styles: A Concise Guide, architect John Milnes Baker has given us his own concise guide to what he believes neoclassical-related periods to be: Federal Style, 1780-1820, is named after the new U.S. government, although ideas come from the British Isles, including a continued interest in the Palladian window and the work of Robert Adams. A Federalist building does not always have imposing pillars, but its symmetry and decorative details are classically inspired.Neoclassical, 1780-1825, is the period of Americas breaking away from European modifications of Classical ideas and ideals, adhering instead to strict classical orders of proportion. Baker says the Neoclassicists rarely presumed to distort the proportions of the classical orders except in the subtlest way.Greek Revival, 1820-1850, de-emphasized Roman architectural details, such as the dome and arch, and focused more on the Greek way. This was a favorite of Antebellum architecture, the stately plantation homes built before Americas Civil War.Neoclassical Revival, 1895-1950, became a modernists interpretation of ancient Rome and Greece. When well done, writes Baker, thes e houses had a certain dignity, but the line between dignity and pomposity was tenuous at best....Some of the most grotesque, tasteless, and nouveau-riche buildings offered by speculative builders today are pale shadows of the Neoclassical Revival. One can often see the pretense carried to absurdity when a makeshift portico is slapped on the facade of a raised ranch or pseudo-colonial. Unfortunately it is not an uncommon sight. Sources About the U.S. Capitol Building, https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-buildings/about-us-capitol-building and Capitol Hill Neoclassical Architecture, https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/architecture-styles/neoclassical-architecture-capitol-hill, Architect of the Capitol [accessed April 17, 2018] A Concise History of American Architecture by Leland M. Roth, Harper Row, 1979, p. 54 American House Styles: A Concise Guide by John Milnes Baker, Norton, 1994, pp. 54, 56, 64, 104 Additional Photo Credits: Kenwood House, English Heritage Paul Highnam/Getty Images (cropped) Kenwood: History and Stories. English Heritage.

Direct Cinema Essay - 901 Words

Direct Cinema The term direct cinema was coined by American director Albert Maysles, to describe the style of documentary that he and his contemporaries were making in the 1960s as a result of a lightweight, portable 16mm camera and high quality lightweight audio recorders becoming available. The introduction of these, together with film-stock which was sensitive enough to give a good quality close-up monochrome picture under most lighting conditions (Including hand-held lights) led to a revolution in Documentary filmmaking, allowing film crews to be much more flexible. Gone were the days of bulky, virtually immobile 35mm cameras; now manufacturers improved their 16mm stock and accepted it†¦show more content†¦Ideal subjects for documentaries according to the direct cinema ethos were: 1) A person who is interesting; 2) A person who is in an interesting situation which s/he cares deeply about; 3) A subject where a conclusion can be arrived at in a limited time; and 4) A subject where there is easy access to events. The group believed that the cameraman, the director and the sound recordist were all equal in status and were all film-makers, playing a role in an integrated process. They felt that the filmmakers relationship with the subject was personal and one of equality, and that an audience was active in its engagement with the film. Direct cinema practitioners wished the audience to be presented with sufficient evidence to enable them to make up their own minds and not be mere passive observers. ... the degree to which the camera changes the situation is mostly due to the nature of the person filming it... Richard Leacock. Direct cinema was conceived with TV in mind. In the 60s TV had poor picture quality, the black-and-white image being frequently fuzzy with viewers reliant on good quality sound. Image quality such as this fitted in perfectly with direct cinemas stance on camera framing and editing; anything more complex thanShow MoreRelatedThe Maysles Brothers, Albert And David Maysles1398 Words   |  6 PagesPerhaps the most well-known innovators of the direct cinema genre of documentary film are the Maysles brothers, Albert and David Maysles. Together they created what became one of the most revolutionary contributions to direct cinema, Grey Gardens. This documentary film features the daily lives of a mother and her middle aged daughter, both named Edith Beale, who live in squalor despite their numerous recounts of their luxurious past. Through this film, the Maysles brothers went against the aestheticRead More The Evolution of Film Essay example1185 Words   |  5 PagesIn the early times of narrative cinema there was litter pressure on the filmmakers for the evolution of film forms before nickelodeons (Salt, 31) as cinema had not become a mass cultural product and film was still just a novelty expected to die out like rock n roll. And so the demand was low and so the supply could remain unoriginal. Mary Janes Mishap was made in 1903 when ‘multi-scene films were becoming popular’ (Salt, 32). Mary Janes Mishap is notable for its use of experimental and inventiveRead MoreThe Indian Film Industry Of India1380 Words   |  6 Pagesfilm production in the world. However, the first films India watched were not made in Bollywood. The various stages of evolution of bollywood can be categorized as follows: Silent Era to Talkies (1930-1940): Dadasaheb Phalke, the father of Indian Cinema was a man with vision and courage. In the silent era, he pioneered the revolution and released his path breaking film, Raja Harishchandra, based on a mythological character on 21st April, 1913 in Olympia theatre. It was India’s first full-length featureRead MoreThe Art World Of The 1970 S Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesactivism in following a group of working-class female service labourers and feminist activists attempting to draw attention to their issues to build a union. The film utilises documentary style, simple mimesis and minimal editing to build a more direct connection between the subjects and the audience. Using the stories of real female cleaners and showcasing the most abject of the labours, such a toilet cleaning, Night Cleaners presented a ‘warts and all’ perspective on women’s work. While workingRead MoreEssay on New German Cinema1049 Words   |  5 PagesNew German Cinema Introduction The Second World War brought forth not only physical destruction to Germany, but also cultural destruction, particularly in its film industry. The film industry of West Germany, in particular, went under the inevitable control of the United States (US). American films became popular among the West German public, while prominent West German directors and actors chose to leave West Germany to pursue their careers in Hollywood, with many of them becoming highly successfulRead MoreFreedom of Expression is Ensured in India1473 Words   |  6 Pagesdecency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.† This means that the government can potentially censor anything. No other form of expression has had so many run-ins with these constitutional mandates as cinema. In India the National Cinematograph act (1952) lays down the guidelines to be followed during certification of films. It comes under the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC) which in turn comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of InformationRead MoreThe Postcolonial Theory Of Third Cinema4380 Words   |  18 Pagespopular and important film theory s that it still around today is Third Cinema also known as the Postcolonial theory. Third cinema emerged in early 1960 through the 1970 s in Latin America and was seen as a militant tool leading to freedom and a revolution. Third cinema was not only about films rather it was about literature and artwork as well as political manifestos written by filmmakers. The whole idea behind third cinema is that it â€Å"refers to the colonized, neo-colonized, or decolonized nationsRead MoreComparison of Two Films: Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesin the South felt much better about doing horrible deeds to black citizens, denying blacks their civil rights Though the portrayal of both blacks and the KU KLUX KLAN were extremely off track, the movie itself was an amazing work of cinema for its time. This was probably the first movie to use hundreds of extra in a battle scene. These scenes were well crafted by the filmmaker, and while not to the perfection of more modern films such as Braveheart, the technology and genius thatRead MoreIssues in Philippine Cinema5002 Words   |  21 Pagesto prove your point. The Philippine film industry, considered by many critics, producers, directors, movie workers, is either slowly but surely dying or is already dead. Notice the use of the term Philippine film industry instead of Philippine cinema. This is such for the main reason that the people who deem filmmaking in the Philippines dead, qualify their assumption based on box-office returns and the profit their movies make. Hence it is more apt to use the term film industry since what theyRead MoreBussiness Plan for Mobile Movie Theater2314 Words   |  10 Pagescircumstances are feasible. 3.1 Summary about the Company ‘Cinema Paradiso’ is a mobile movie theatre system which brings the high quality experience of watching latest movies. It is a motion movie house with seating capacity of 25 per bus. It is mainly targeting the upper class people those who are unable to visit theatres due to their busy life style. So the company is targeting people living in flats, villas and other residential areas. Cinema Paradiso is also targeting people those who used to visit

Hollywood Films And The Civil Rights Movement Essay

Contemporary American movies reflect on racial issues in American history and strive to present the latter as a negative experience of the nation. In this respect, Hollywood is a leading film studio that shoots films about racism prior to the Civil Rights Movement and after it. Both the manner in which most black characters are portrayed in Hollywood films and ideas conveyed by the latter suggest that Hollywood’s approach to racism is ultimately negative. However, Hollywood films shot in more recent times and Hollywood’s attitude to non-white actors speak about the film studios’ hypocritical approach to racism, as Hollywood’s activities indirectly promote racist ideologies spreading in the US film industry. Hollywood’s hypocritical approach to racism is proved by movie characters’ whitening, the white default option, the Oscars’ whitewashing, and films’ racist depiction of other races. Yet, in the second half of the 20th century when the Civil Rights Movement worked on the white majority’s reconsideration of racist perception of the black population, Hollywood shot films that vividly advocated for the end of racial prejudices in the US society. For example, Norman Jewison’s In the Heat of the Night is the 1967 movie that narrates the story of Virgil Tibbs, a black detective from Pennsylvania, who faces racial prejudices of the police colleagues in Sparta, Mississippi. In particular, Police Chief Bill Gillespie wants to arrest Virgil Tibbs to pin the murder of PhillipShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Blaxploitation Films : A New Step For The Hollywood Film Industry From 1968 Till1623 Words   |  7 Pagesconceptual incongruity in Blaxploitation films concerning the shaping and portrayal of the female character exemplified in the works of Pam Grier. A new step for the Hollywood film industry from 1968 till nowadays is the creation of the MPAA film rating system. Ever since the erasure of the production code of the Classic Hollywood era, and filmmakers’ realisation that they do not need the seal of approval, it has become possible to show or tell anything on screen. Film genres like horror for examples thrivedRead MoreThe Black And White Cultures1298 Words   |  6 Pagesnot â€Å"A list thespians or Emmy award winning talent† in white Hollywood like it is currently. Thus, for broadness, to get a real link with the aspects of Blacks in Hollywood sixty years ago, we have to get in depth with reasonable detail. Michael Roemer’s, film Nothing but Man, embarks on a true masterpiece that seizes the rage of African Americans mindfulness in the robust intolerance and prejudice in the rural south. At the time this film was produced and filmed there were numerous factors that eradicatedRead MoreAmerica s Social Climate : The Melting Pot1680 Words   |  7 Pageshas enlightened my view of conditions and how films discreetly reinforce the stereotypes and class structures to maintain a particular ideology. For this reason, I chose to view the movie The Help because it is considered to promote the ideology of empowering black women during the tumultuous and dangerous 1960s civil rights movement in a volatile Jackson, Mississippi. While the movie delivers a powerful and intriguing theme, the reality is that Hollywood has yet again provided the Eurocentric viewRead MoreRace As A Social Construct1057 Words   |  5 Pagesracial category. Shadism and Racism are both a large part in Hollywood and the casting process. There has been a recent concentration online on institutional racism in Hollywood; social media movements have brought attention towards, the casting process and the lack of diversity at the Oscars. The persistent snubbing of people of colour (POC) in Hollywood is being recognised. However, has this changed the representation of POC in films? The upcoming biography, drama, Nina (2016) has been the centreRead MoreEvolution Of Racist Portrayals Of Film And Television1644 Words   |  7 Pages Prof. Eye. EN 101B November 27, 2014 Evolution of Racist Portrayals in Film and Television. The most common, if not one of the most common methods the morals and perceptions of American society are shaped is through our own storytellers in Hollywood. Filmmakers, writers, and producers for both cinema and television make it their career to create works that tell a compelling story. On occasion, American Society will be reflected in these works, which raises the question: do the works influence societyRead MoreThe Effects Of Black Stereotypes On Mass Media1884 Words   |  8 Pagesin the filmmaking process that depicts this racial enigma. Black Stereotypes in film have always been rooted in films since cinema’s genesis but for this research, I will be focusing on Classical Hollywood era leading into Blaxploitation movement. 2 Thomas Cripps, author of Making Movies Black: The Hollywood Message Movie from World War II to the Civil Rights era, claims that trendy entertainments in addition to films facilitated conversion in our viewpoints concerning race within America. The massRead MorePerpetuating Values Of Racism : As Seen On The Silver Screen1319 Words   |  6 Pagesdollars in 2015 (Child). The Hollywood film industry is a highly lucrative business that seemingly offers something for everyone: romance, thriller, tragedy, fantasy, comedy, action, and so much more. However, the industry has an extensive history of favoring the white, straight male, which leaves minorities to feel wrongly represented. Hollywood films do integrate different races, but there remains to be one constant; the white race. While it may seem as if the film industry has come a long wayRead MoreTechnological Advancements And Its Impact On The Modern World1092 Words   |  5 Pagesdirectors making it big, a analysis of these directo rs will come across strikingly uniform. An overwhelming majority of these filmmakers are straight white men, which has been the industry norm in Hollywood since it’s inception of the film industry. In a way smaller bunch hanging out in the outskirts of Hollywood we find our black filmmakers. Exceptions to the norm from the past such as Oscar Micheaux, Melvin Van Peebles to more recent examples such as Spike Lee and Tyler Perry. These men worked longRead MoreThe Civil Rights Achievements Of The Famous African American Actor, Canada Lee1333 Words   |  6 Pages This autobiographical analysis will define the civil rights achievements of the famous African American actor, Canada Lee. Lee’s background as a jockey, boxer, and a musician would set the stage for a major acting career in theater and in Hollywood. More importantly, Lee would use his fame as an actor to promote racial equality through the support of Hollywood magnates, such as Orson Wells, and through the thea trical/literary guidance of Langston Hughes. Lee would be become known for his role inRead MoreExperimental Cinem The Experimental Film Movement1453 Words   |  6 Pagesbeginning of film filmmakers were using the platform to tell people stories, so that people could go be entertained and lose themselves in the experience of seeing the film. Though this form of filmmaking was entertaining for most people, some filmmakers wanted to break this tradition and expand filmmaking into a completely different way. Instead of making the same old narrative films, like classical Hollywood, they want to make more abstract and complex films, they wanted to make films as more of

News Essay Example For Students

News Essay California School ShootingOn March 5, 2001 a fifteen year-old freshman at Santana High School in Santee, California shot and killed two classmates and wounded thirteen other people. The San Diego Country District Attorney, Paul Pfingst says, The fifteen year-old will most likely be tried as an adult. One student John Schardt saw the shooter stepping out of the bathroom with a smile on his face while shooting rounds at people. When the shooting started the faculty tried to evacuate the school before anyone was injured and it was said that it was utter chaos by some of the students and some off the students had no idea what was going on. One student, Alicia Zimmer said there was a girl near her that was covered in blood and another that had blood on her arm. She also said when the shots were being fired it was almost like a cap gun.President Bush said that the shooting was a disgraceful act of cowardice and when America teaches our children right form wrong and teaches values that resp ect life in our country, well be better off. He also said First things are first. And our prayers go out to the families that lost a child today.I think that this is crazy. Our teens today hardly know right from wrong it seems when things like this happening. I mean for a kid to be smiling while shooting at people it is lunacy. Our countrys morals have declined so much in the past fifty years. This school shooting is one of many that have happened in the past two years. There was Columbine that pretty much started off all these and since then there has been nearly ten other shootings not all big but where one or more students have been injured or even killed. There was another shooting in California just two weeks after this one. The question is what is driving all this violence with our youth today? Well I think that there are many factors that do so. Like, all the violence on television not just movies but even cartoons now days are nothing but fighting. What ever happened to the good old fashion cartoons like looney tunes? There is also the factor of the parents rising the youth these days. Many of them are druggies or have three jobs. But, there is sometimes the case when the kid is just wacko for no apparent reason. What can we do to stop things like this from happening? Like President Bush said all that we can do now is try to teach our youth morals and norms and keep on praying. Words/ Pages : 459 / 24

Conflict in the Workplace Electronic Communication

Question: Discuss about the Conflict in the Workplacefor Electronic Communication. Answer: Conflict in the workplace has been a global challenge, but it has been attributed to poor strategies laid by the organization towards capping such incidences. Conflict occurs due to the organizations inability to provide very basic services to the employee and employers. For instance, inability to have a well-formulated communication framework, poor job responsibility allocation, biases in the process of salary increment and promotion as well as biasness promote different types of conflicts such as employee to employer , and employee to employee conflicts. However, some conflict has as well risen from ones personal emotions, which may have been brought by the organization or by her/him. From most reviews, conflicts within the organizational set up have various effects such as increased rate of employee turnover, reduced profitability, increase resource wastes by employees and poor productivity. Introduction Conflicts in the workplace have been among the rising trends in most of the organization. According to McConnon McConnon (2011)s research, most of the managers spend almost 25% of the time in the office working on conflicts in the workplace. As also explained by Harper (2012), with the rising cases of globalization, conflicts have been enhanced by various changes within the organization's set up, structures and strategies. Different generation within the workplace has also been one of the major challenges facing most managers within the workplace. According to Henly Lambert (2014), to some of the organizations, conflicts have been positive comparing to most negative cases experienced by most nations. Despite the encouragement synthesized by managers on mild level conflicts, most of the organizational conflicts have always resulted to destructing and a general decline in performance or operations of the organization (Cloke Goldsmith, 2011). Lytle (2015) explains the various types o f conflicts of Interdependence conflicts, differences in style, differences in background/ gender, differences in leadership and personal clashes. According to Institute of Leadership Management ( 2012), the major causes of conflicts have been attributed to, poor communication among employees, and between the employers and their employees. Different personalities among the organizational employees have been one of the other causes of conflicts. Leka De Alwis (2016), also provides three more causes of conflicts in the workplace such as: different employee values, internal and external competition regarding salary, promotion, and productivity and lack of equal opportunities. On the other hand, as explained by Butts, Becker, Boswell (2015), conflict within the organizational set uprising due to unclear job roles, ineffective or insufficiently trained management, an increase in workload, unresolved issues from the past, unfair treatments, poor working conditions and unfair treatments. According to Matsudaira (2017)s research, dealing with conflicts in the workplace is hard, but this relies on the strategies formulated by the organizations mitigating procedures. Regardless of the provided steps of tackling the conflicts within the organizational set up, the process has not yet been achieved. However, sometimes with the help of either employee unions, labor trade unions always solutions have been achieved. In most cases, a conflict has not always been following the required channels of communication. This is based on the nature of conflicts, sometimes it requires direct address form tend manager in comparison to others that may require legal asset procedures of solving. But Shweta Jha (2010), provides the better solution, better keys used in dealing with workplace conflicts, he states the major parts were providing better communication channels, hitting conflicts head on I.e. managers rather managers need to reduce the channels used in solving the conflicts if it's an Internal controlled conflict. Third, he express high optimism in understanding the WIIFM factor, and as manager, conflicts need to be seen as opportunities for learning and teaching. The study will chronicle around the employee-employer conflict at workplace in respect to organizational performance. The study hypothesis includes: H1: Constant employees workplace conflict slows organizational performance H2: Employee-Managers conflicts hinders proper managerial strategy formulations Conflicts for a long time have been part of the failures of some organizations. For instance, conflicts have led to either the distraction of the organizations properties, increased employee turnover, and reduced employee morale which entirely leads to: reduced productivity and the general reduction of the firms profitability. However, according to Karabay, Akyz, Eli (2016), conflict can result in amazing ideas; they can also lead to changes and improvement. Method For the effectiveness of the research, I would involve two Interviewees from one of the major manufacturing company with more than 5,000 employees. I would opt to use such Interviewees, first based on their ability to have a wide perspective of various reactions and behaviors from the other workmates considering it is the company with largest employees within the region. As a nature of displaying gender equality, I would use the companys Human Resource Manager, a female and the companys casual employee who was a man. On selecting, I would decide using the companys resource manager considering their wide knowledge of the companys employees. In most cases, different generation interaction may result in the conflicts, but as for the case, I would opt not to discriminate regarding age differences as there existed several generations within the organization which would have to complicate the whole process of the research. In conducting the Interview I would interview them separately starting with the manager on how they are perceived e the issue of conflicts, their strategies of solving the conflicts, the organizational set up aimed at reducing conflict, the departmental managers on why do conflict always occur at the departmental level, which is the best ways does the departmental level managers solve the issues what are the main causes of the conflicts. As for the employees, I would entirely focus on directly questioned son why do they get involved in conflicts, how does the management vary the issues of conflicts towards solving them? As the way of getting the required data, I mainly focused on using simple questionnaire but mostly applied Interviews as this would help me get the personal experience of the research issue. The question would always vary from employee to the manager. Thus, the data was majorly collected through questionnaires, Interviews, observation and focus groups of the employees and the employers. The whole process would take 2 days with the first day interviewing the executive manager, the second day the employees. Results of Procedures Interview Questions Feedback Manager What are major causes of conflicts at the departmental level? Poor communication strategies between the departmental managers. Inappropriate delegation of a job from the top executives. Poor managerial skills from the top management. Due to personal differences. Noncompliance with the organizational policies and regulation. Misunderstandings. What do you consider when promoting and increasing employee salary? As for the company, we don't have a well-stated platform through which the employee can be compensated; we just award promotions and salaries by the behavioral manner of the employee. How do you handle the conflict cases between employers and employees? We have a structured platform and channel to follow to the final stage. Have you ever experienced any conflict within the organization, if yes how did it affect you like the organization? The key effects accompanied by the conflict would involve, increased employee turnover rates, reduce a rate of production, and low-profit realization. What is the organization doing to reduce the issues of conflicts? Proper Communication. Eliminating biases. Providing an effective framework to salary increments, promotion and in rewards. Employee What are the most causes of conflicts? Poor communication strategies Poor managerial activities Poor job allocation framework. Poor rates and means of salary increment and employee rewards on promotions. Do you consider the process of conflict resolution by the organization to be effective? How do conflicts incidences affect you personally? First, it lowers y working morale, it inserts job insecurity in me and highly results to stress. Discussion As per the results, conflicts result from various organizational challenges which are brought by both the organizational management and employees. Conflict is the reality within organizational setup and it has the negative impact on the functioning and the operations of the organization. As from the results received, the nature of conflict tends to vary depending on the nature of activities. It would be clear that there exist differences between the employees and employees, managers and departmental mangers and between departmental managers themselves. The major reasons for the occurrences of these conflicts as defined from both the employee and managers are poor nature of communication. Communication is an important tool for passing information. Inadequate or inaccurate information or message creates differences responsibilities within the workplace creating a channel to conflicts. As explained by Ko (2016), the nature of communication within the business entity may result in either its destruction or its construction. On the other hand, major causes of conflicts would entirely involve biases in the process of promotion within the organization. This reflects the nature of either nepotism, racism. As explained by Lawless Trif (2016), conflicts have significant impacts towards the companys daily activities and the level of productivity. He explains that, conflicts form the major causes of organizational strikes which may lead to material destructions. In most of the incidence, strikes usually result in either a closure or a temporal closure of some organization. Conflicts have a negative impact based on the decreased rate of production. Better productivity within an organizational set up is achieved with well-established strategies that provide employees with the working morale (Johnson Keddy, 2010). Thus, conflicts lead to employee morale reduction, increased employee turnover which leads to the general reduction in the organizational productivity. The whole process of conflicts as described by solving through some steps such as maintaining a positive outlook, as a manager there is need to establish a program aimed at providing the fair rate of promotion and salary increment . Conflicts cases can as well be reduced through establishing a good structure framework in case there exists no current conflict resolution framework. References Butts, M. M., Becker, W. J., Boswell, W. R. (2015). Hot Buttons And Time Sinks: The Effects Of Electronic Communication During Nonwork Time On Emotions And Work-Nonwork Conflict. Academy of Management Journal , 53 (8), 763-788. Cloke, K., Goldsmith, J. (2011). Resolving Conflicts at Work: Ten Strategies for Everyone on the Job. John Wiley Sons, . Harper, J. (2012). 10 Tips for Tackling the Toughest Workplace Conflicts. 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